In ancient times, Karnak was known as Ipet-isut, or The Most Selected of Places, and served as the main place of worship for 18th-dynasty Thebans. North of Luxor itself lies the Karnak temple complex. Architectural highlights include a colonnade of soaring columns decorated with hieroglyphic reliefs and a gateway guarded by two massive statues of Ramesses II.
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Construction was started by Amenhotep III in approximately 1390 BC, with additions by a series of later pharaohs including Tutankhamun and Ramesses II. The main attraction in Luxor itself, however, is the Luxor Temple. If you find yourself fascinated by the process of mummification, don't miss the nearby Mummification Museum with its displays of carefully preserved human and animal remains. In an annex dedicated to the treasures of the New Kingdom, you'll find two royal mummies, one believed to be the remains of Ramesses I. Signs written in Arabic and English introduce priceless pharaonic art, colossal statues, and intricate jewelry. Here, exhibitions filled with artifacts from the surrounding temples and tombs give a comprehensive introduction to the area's must-see attractions. Start at the Luxor Museum, ranked by Lonely Planet as one of the top museums in the country. Located on the east bank of the River Nile, present-day Luxor should be the first stop for visitors to the region. During this period, known as the New Kingdom, many pharaohs and their queens elected to be buried in the necropolis at Thebes, known today as the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens. The pharaohs that ruled during this period spent vast sums of money on temples designed to honor Amun (and themselves), and so the incredible monuments for which the city is famous today were born. At this time, it served as the capital of a newly unified Egypt and became known as a center of economy, art, and architecture associated with the Egyptian god Amun. Thebes reached the height of its splendor and influence in the period from 1550 to 1050 BC. Luxor's history pre-dates the modern city and is inextricably woven with that of Thebes, the legendary metropolis known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset.
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